The efficient operation of a blast furnace requires burden materials with high softening temperatures and a narrow softening–melting range. This leads to the formation of a thinner cohesive zone in the lower part of the furnace, which improves permeability. In this study, softening–melting tests were conducted on pellets with different levels of …
The study also showed that results obtained for a mixed burden of 80% sinter and 20% lump ore - a ratio used in many blast furnaces - are not different to results obtained from tests using only ...
Like other sintering processes, iron ore sintering converts iron ore fines of often − 8 mm sizing into larger agglomerates, namely, sinter, between 5 and 50 mm particle size, which possess the physical and metallurgical characteristics and gas permeability required for efficient blast furnace operation.As shown in Figure 14.1, iron ore sintering …
In recently years, as the prices of lump ores and pellets are staying highly, some Chinese iron and steel plants began to produce acid sinter smelting in blast furnace which cost less compared ...
A blast furnace is a reactor which produces an impure form of molten iron, termed 'hot metal', from ferrous bearing ores. The principal raw materials used in the blast furnace operation consist of. 1. Metallurgical coke, ferrous …
The smelting process of blast furnace is carried out in the shaft furnace of a closed countercurrent reactor and heat exchanger. The complex physical changes and chemical reactions are completed in the process of the countercurrent movement of the charge and gas in which the raw materials containing iron oxide (sinter, pellets, etc.), …
The basicity required for iron ore sinter is set by blast furnace slag composition requirements, and therefore varies with the proportion lump iron ore in the burden. Increasing the lump ...
It is found that lump ore has lowest reduction rate in all test conditions, and at lower temperatures iron ore pellets reduce faster than sinter, and this is reversed at …
The results of sinter mineralogy, yield and productivity of the lower half of milli-pot at 5.5–8.0% coke rate were found to be similar to pilot-scale sintering tests at a corresponding coke...
The high temperature interactions between lump ore and sinter have been studied under traditional blast furnace conditions both mechanistically (in small scale analogue conditions) [16][17][18][19 ...
Use of lump ore in modern blast furnace operations is facilitated by high temperature interactions with sinter. With more emphasis on hydrogen enrichment in BF operations, the behaviour of lump ...
The study also showed that results obtained for a mixed burden of 80% sinter and 20% lump ore - a ratio used in many blast furnaces - are not different to results obtained from tests using only ...
The BF uses sinter, pellets, and lump ore as iron-bearing raw materials, and coke and pulverized coal as fuel and reducing agents to produce hot metal with …
The resulting sinter is suitable for use as a blast furnace burden material, but is not sufficiently strong to withstand long distance transportation. As a result, sintering
CO2 emission rate as a function of the amount of pellets in the burden. Straight lines, calculated for different lump ore contents; open triangles existing steel plants.
However, it has been demonstrated that mixing ~20% lump ore with high basicity sinter shows equivalent S&M behaviour to the sinter only burden, and potentially better behaviour than sinter...
When the proportion of lump ores was up to 23% at the excellent collocation pattern and appropriate ratio, the burdens still conformed to the requirements of ironmaking. KEY …
directly into the ironmaking blast furnace (BF). Further-more, iron ore lump is more environmentally friendly and economically effective compared to sinter and pellet as no agglomeration process is needed.2,3) Iron ore agglomeration through sintering and pelletizing is estimated to produce 270 kg of CO 2 per tonne of hot-rolled coil.
As a promising method to strengthen the blast furnace smelting and to realize reduced fuel operation, high-proportion pellet charging has become the practice of BF ironmaking. Use of pellet gives rise to uniform bed permeability in comparison with iron ore or sinter. This leads to better gas–solid contact resulting in higher productivity at …
The Corus operation in Port Talbot has 2 blast furnaces, producing 3.5 MtHM/a. The blast furnaces are burdened with a mixture of basic sinter (3.9 Mt/a), various lump ores and acid pellets.
On blast furnaces that have never been operated with the injection of pulverized-coal and that first need to be provided with high-quality iron-ore-bearing materials and coke, the use of a technology that charges lump anthracite into the furnaces can significantly reduce coke consumption and the cost of making pig iron. The …
The influence of nut coke rate on the pressure drop of sinter is given in Figs. 5and 6. Generally, it can be seen that the pressure drop decreased with rising nut coke rate in the sinter–nut coke mixture. This effect became more re-markable at higher flow rate and Reynolds number (Reynolds number under the blast furnace conditions 600Re800).
1.2. Why sintering. Lead and zin metals are produced in blast furnace. In a blast furnace, ore, coke and flux are continuously supplied through the top of the furnace, while air (sometimes with oxygen enrichment) is blown into the lower section of the furnace, so that the chemical reactions take place throughout the furnace as the material moves …
Figure 1. Proportions of sinter, pellet and lump used in blast furnaces around the globe [1-5]. * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected], telephone: +61 2 4033 9216 ...
Abstract . The sinter of high basicity would interact with lump ores or acid pellets in the cohesive zone of blast furnace due to the difference of chemical composition and micro …
process. The remainder will have to be pelletized and added to the blast furnace burden to replace declining sinter and lump ore supplies. Hatch has compared the merits of using sinter and pellets in the blast furnace to help steel producers evaluate the impact of increased pellet usage in the blast furnace burden. 2.2 Comparing Sinter and Pellets
A blast furnace (BF) is the dominant process for making iron in the world. The BF is charged with metallurgical coke and iron burden materials including iron ore pellets, sinter, and lump ore. While descending in the BF the charge materials reduce. The iron‐bearing materials should reduce fast and remain in the solid form until as high a …
The German steelmaker consumed the lump ore in one of the world's largest blast furnaces at a rate of 16% Mary River ore and 84% sinter. Michael Zurowski, executive VP of Baffinland, said, "Baffinland's Mary River lump iron ore has now passed the ultimate test, the rigours of the commercial blast furnace. Baffinland is very pleased with …
The reduction degradation characteristics of typical sinter, pellet and lump ore were tested with the reducing gas conditions simulating two kinds of iron-making processes. The results show that, in the same condition of gas composition and temperature, the reduction degradation degree (RDI <3.15 mm) of sinter is high, RDI …
The study also showed that results obtained for a mixed burden of 80% sinter and 20% lump ore - a ratio used in many blast furnaces - are not different to results obtained from tests using only ...
The sinter with iron ore fines mean particle size 2.63 mm showed physical and metallurgical properties within the acceptable range, which is required for blast furnace operation. Sinter with mean ...
4 Citations. Explore all metrics. Abstract. Iron ore, pellets, and sinter were reduced with hydrogen at 800 °C to understand the degree of reduction and the …
The reduction degradation characteristics of typical sinter, pellet and lump ore were tested with the reducing gas conditions simulating two kinds of iron-making processes. The results show that ...